| Location |
Date |
Emperor
|
Key
Participants |
Major
Outcomes |
|
Nicea
|
325
|
Constantine
|
Arius
/ Alexander / Eusebius of Nicomedia / Eusebius of Caesarea /
Athanasius |
Declared
Son homousios (coequal, consubstantial, and coeternal) with
Father. Condemned Arius. Drafted original form of Nicene Creed.
|
|
Constantinople
|
381
|
Theodosius
|
Meletius
/ Gregory of Nazianzus / Gregory of Nyssa |
Confirmed
results of Council of Nicea. Produced revised Nicene Creed.
Ended Trinitarian Controversy. Affirmed deity of the Holy Spirit.
Condemned Apollinarianism. |
|
Ephesus
|
431
|
Theodosius
II |
Cyril
/ Nestorius |
Declared
Nestorianism heretical. Accepted by implication Alexandrian
Christology. Condemned Pelagius. |
|
Chalcedon
|
451
|
Marcian
|
Leo
I / Dioscurus / Eutyches |
Declared
Christ's two natures unmixed, unchanged, undivided, inseparable.
Condemned Eutychianism. |
|
Constantinople
II
|
553
|
Justinian |
Eutychius |
Condemned
"Three Chapters" to gain support of Monophysites.
Affirmed Cyrillian interpretation of Chalcedon. |
|
Constantinople
III
|
680-681
|
Constantine
IV |
|
Rejected
Monothelitism. Condemned Pope Honorius (d.638) as heretical.
|
|
Nicea
II
|
787
|
Constantine
VI |
|
Declared
veneration of icons and statues legitimate. |
