| Controversy |
Major
Heretical Leaders |
Major
Orthodox Leaders |
Relevant
Councils |
Accepted
Conclusions |
| Trinitarian
Controversy |
Arius
/ Eusebius of Nicomedia |
Athanasius
/ Hosius / Basil the Great / Gregory of Nyssa / Augustine of
Hippo |
Nicea
(325) Constantinople (381) |
Christ
is "of same substance with the Father." Father, Son,
and Spirit are "coeternal, consubstantial, and coequal."
|
| Christological
Controversy |
Apollinarius
Nestoriaus Eutyches |
Cyril
of Alexandria Theodoret / Leo I |
Constantinople
(381) Ephesus (431) Chalcedon (451) |
Christ
is "one person in two natures, unmixed, unchanged, undivided,
inseperable." Mary is "the Mother of God." |
| Donatist
Controversy |
Donatus
|
Caecilian
Augustine of Hippo |
Arles
(314) |
"Outside
the church there is no salvation." |
| Pelagian
Controversy |
Pelagius
Coelestius / John Cassian / Caesarius of Arles |
Augustine
of Hippo / Jerome |
Ephesus
(431) Orange (529) |
Semi-Augustinianism;
sacramental grace enables people to overcome their innate sinfulness.
|
